Wood properties forest products laboratory usda forest service. Wood chemical composition hemicellulose a celluloselike material in the wood cell wall that is easily decomposed by dilute acid to yield simple sugars extractives organic material deposited during heartwood formation gums, resins, oils, alkaloids. Department of forestry and wood technology, federal university of technology akure, ondo state, nigeria. As a manufacturer of wood components, woodcraft industries believes there is a crucial need to educate our company, customers, and consumers in regard to naturally occurring wood characteristics. Wood handbookchapter 4mechanical properties of wood.
Burning is the chemical change that shows this property. It is largely such properties that determine the use of wood for structural and building purposes and innumerable other uses of. The physical properties of wood, including color, weight, texture, grain, and pattern. Physical and mechanical properties of selected wood.
Wood is a material with mechanical properties that vary markedly, both within a tree and among trees. It has been the primary source of raw material for the thriving timber processing sector. Survey of selected adhesive bonding properties of nine. Overall, the wood properties of teak from a unmanaged forest in east timor were comparable to those reported for plantation teaks of other origin. Thailand, burma and india are just three countries. This chapter discusses the physical properties of most. This module is the eighth in a series of woodlot management home study courses designed to meet this goal. Teak is one of the most valuable timbers, the king under the timbers, in ancient times considered as a royal timber. Physical properties of scots pine wood from the notecka forest article pdf available in sylwan 1607. The worldwide market for timbers has few select wood types that are praised above others, and while few types are praised for their exquisite properties, the famous teak remains constant in a world of changing tastes.
This situation will continue for some time into the future. The wood of norway spruce is an important natural resource in germany, austria, slovakia, the czech republic, romania, as well as the scandinavian countries. Log from community teak plantations in java and eastern indonesia technical report itto ppd 12106 rev. When lumber and other products are cut from the tree, the characteristics of these fibrous cells and their arrangement affect such properties. Part of the workshop companion, a collection of information on wood, woodwork, woodworking skills, woodworking materials, and woodworking plans that together form the core knowledge needed by woodworkers, furniture makers, cabinetmakers, turners, and other practioners of the wood arts to become competent. This has been confirmed by a great number of studies of which the recent ones by. There was an overall increase of woods physical and mechanical properties from the breast height to the top of the tree. Often considered to be one of the most important timbers in the world, teak has managed to remain in popularity because of its rare combination of mechanical and physical properties. Properties of solid wood and laminated wood lumber. Drying lumber is also an important part of the manufacturing process.
The field survey was designed to gather baseline data on communitygrown teak plantations such as size, productivity, quality, silviculture practices. Because of the greater density of latewood, the proportion of latewood is sometimes used to judge the strength of the wood. Wood is primarily composed of hollow, elongate, spindleshaped cells that are arranged parallel to each other along the trunk of a tree. Pdf physical properties of scots pine wood from the notecka. Includes discussion of designing with wood and woodbased products along with some pertinent uses. These ecological factors are physiographic, climatic, edaphic and biotic factors, and significantly affect the growth of the tree, ring structure, and its microscopic, physical and. As a raw material picea abies, norway spruce wood, has wide application as a building material and in industry, especially in northern european countries.
Physical, mechanical, and morphological properties of solid wood lumbers which were cold pressed in a press and then heat treated in a kiln. This has been confirmed by a great number of studies of which the recent ones by winandy 1994, simpson and tenwolde 1999 and. The experiment was laid out in complete block design cbd. Properties and processing facts for coconut wood revised august 2010. It is reported that 4,000 species occur in indonesia, 500 species in the philippines and. This moisture relationship has an important influence on wood properties and performance. Log qualities, wood properties and processing of teaklog. Wood anatomy 20 primary components lignin it affects wood properties. The most important factors that affect the growth of the trees are trees genetic structure and ecological factors. Acoustic studies on wood a thesis submitted to the university of canterbury in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of masters of forestry science by helge hansen the new zealand school of forestry. This thesis is a result of a comprehensive study on hygroscopic moisture transport in wood in general and spruce picea abies in particular. The completion of itto project po 4188 i lithe identification, properties and uses of tropical timber imported to china from southeast asia will. The vision of the division is to achieve excellence in research, development and transfer of technology in wood properties for better and appropriate end uses for conservation of natural resources.
The size of communitygrown teak plantation in major growing areas in java and eastern indonesia central bureau of statistic 2004 province number of number of trees household total 1 ready for harvest2 west java 171,907 4,053,909 5. Average moe value of the samples containing 60% and 80% wood fiber without having any chemicals was found 2109 mpa. A comparison of mechanical and physical wood properties. Ppt physical properties of wood powerpoint presentation.
They are identified more specifically by characteristics such as. Texts on different aspects of wood gasification, prepared by specialists, are the basis of this publication. Reduced water absorption has to be taken into account when working with water solvent glue or paint. Dudley and jodi yamasaki summary the primary attribute of acacia koa is the quality of its wood as determined by color, figure, density, strength, shrinkage, durability, and workability. If so, share your ppt presentation slides online with. Teak is a natural wood, ideal for outside furniture. It can also be treated with teak oil giving it more protection against the elements. It is a relatively cheap wood and the durability of this wood makes it a good choice for doors, floors, structural parts of furniture, plywood and veneers. It can be used in anything from wood carving and creating small wooden items, such as chairs and rocking horses, to building timber structures and sheds. Module 8 wood utilization and technology nova scotia. Two different kinds of domestic thinning smalldiameter softwood ginko biloba l. Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts 1 we have not used ocroptical character recognition.
Pdf wood properties of teak tectona grandis from a. These trees bear cones and most of them have needle. The outer, higher density stem fibre has properties similar to many hardwood timbers and is suitable for high value flooring products. This method is useful with such species as the southern pines, douglasfir. Teak is world wide recognized for its durability and stability, the timber is immense stable, has a high oil content that works as builtin natural water repellent and is therefore. Comparative study of wood physical and mechanical properties of melia dubia with tectona grandis at different age gradation v. Properties of wood there are fewer species of conifers.
A guide to determining wood properties of acacia koa nicklos s. Kretschmann contents orthotropic nature of wood 41 elastic properties 42 modulus of elasticity 42 poissons ratio 42 modulus of rigidity 43 strength properties 43 common properties 43 less common properties 424 vibration properties. There are literally thousands of wood species that grow throughout the world. Department of forestry and wood technology, federal university of technology akure, ondo state, nigeria, between may 2012 and september 2012. Cold press application to the wood samples before the heat treatment could be a solution to reduce the decrement in the mechanical properties of solid wood. Chemical changes are not the same as chemical properties. The mechanical properties of wood are its fitness and ability to resist applied or external forces. The exam can be executed in course workspace or, if there is no course workspace, in separate exam workspace, with self enrolment key or the teacher adds students manually. Physical properties of wood designing buildings wiki. Teak can have a leatherlike scent when freshly milled.
Increasing density of wood essentially results in increased mechanical properties niemz 1993 per volume involved. Earlywood is lighter in weight, softer, and weaker than latewood. A guide to determining wood properties of acacia koa. Mechanical and physical properties of the panels manufactured from combination of plastic and wood material and fiber with addition of various types of chemicals are shown in table 3. Wood is one of the most versatile and widely used materials in the world. In wood gas as engine fuel fao presents a summary of modern wood gasification technology and the economics of its application to internal combustion engines. Wood materials used in cabinets and furniture are products of nature and include numerous color hues, grain patterns and other natural characteristics. During corona time, exams are executed in mycourses, with quiz or assignment or turnitin activity. Wood gas as engine fuel food and agriculture organization. Summarizes information on wood as an engineering material. Norwegian wood this bird has flown is a song by the beatles from the album rubber soul. A comparison of properties and uses purdue extension. Thanks to the lower water content and structural changes.
Wood properties and uses wpu division erstwhile timber utilization branch was created in the institute when icfre was setup in 1988. Understanding how materials behave in their natural state and under certain conditions will help them to understand why objects are made of specific. These important innovations can facilitate use of urban timber. Cocowood is the processed stem fibre of the coconut palm cocos nucifera. A comparison of mechanical and physical wood properties of a range of sitka spruce provenances foreword sitka spruce currently accounts for 60% of the forest estate in i reland. Includes discussion of designing with wood and wood based products along with some pertinent uses. This chapter discusses the structure of wood, its physical and mechanical properties, and the manufacturing and grading processes for sawn lumber and glulam. In some cases, there are often many varieties of the same species.
High quality and genuine teak wood is hard to identify for customers since it requires some knowledge and experience about woods. By external force is meant any force outside of a given piece of material which tends to deform it in any manner. The chemical properties of a substance describe which chemical change can happen to the substance. Physical properties of wood designing buildings wiki share your construction industry knowledge. Log qualities, wood properties and processing of teaklog from. Presents properties of wood and wood based products of particular concern to the architect and engineer.
Trees are subjected to the influence of different ecological factors throughout their lives. The research material was obtained from the lumber of pine wood, which on the basis of the four sided planing process was divided into 2 groups. Uncertainties concerning transient woodwater relations in buildings and building components have demanded a more thorough investigation on basic moisture transport in wood and related properties. Pdf physical properties of scots pine wood from the. Module 8 wood utilization and technology preface an educational priority of the nova scotia department of natural resources is to help landowners manage their woodlots. Influence of wood anisotropy on its mechanical properties in relation. Despite its natural oils, teak usually glues and finishes well, though in some instances it may be necessary to wipe the surface of the wood with a solvent prior to gluingfinishing to reduce the natural oils on the surface of the wood. Cellulose, the major chemical component of fiber wall and contributing 4045% of the woods dry weight, is composed of linear chains of dglucose linked by. The natural colour of the wood is a pale golden brown, but it can be bleached or stained to simulate other woods, e. Wood handbookchapter 3physical properties and moisture. Presents properties of wood and woodbased products of particular concern to the architect and engineer.
Since the number of species of commercial timbers are increasing, better knowledge of the properties and uses of these timbers is. Physical and mechanical properties of selected wood species. Dimensional stability and mechanical properties of the wood samples which were cold pressed and then heat treated in a oven were considerably higher than the unpressed control samples. Physicalmechanical properties and natural durability of. Sometimes it grows over 90 metres high and four and one half metres in diameter. Winandy,usdaforest service, forest products laboratory, 1wisconsin wood structure physical properties mechanical properties factors affecting properties of wood properties and grades of sawn lumber glossary allowable propertyvalue of a property normally published for design use. The project gutenberg ebook of the mechanical properties of. Teak the wood database lumber identification hardwood.
Each wood species, within its division, are differentiated by their own distinct properties and characteristics. Umesh kanna 1department of tree breeding, forest college and research institute, tamil nadu agricultural university, mettupalayam, tamilnadu, india. It contains natural oils that protect it against wet and cold weather. We will discuss commercial wood species, wood structure, lumber grades, water movement in wood, how wood dries, specific gravity and weight of wood, wood shrinkage, stress development during drying, and electrical and thermal properties of wood. Mechanical properties of wood forest products laboratory. Wood is an extremely versatile material with a wide range of physical and mechanical properties among the many species of wood.
Norwegian wood this bird has flown the beatles guitar. The project gutenberg ebook of the mechanical properties. The properties of materials and their everyday uses. Physical properties of wood is the property of its rightful owner. Pdf wood properties of teak tectona grandis from a mature. National wood flooring association technical publication no. Technical notes on wood properties and uses author.
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